-
1 programming language one
= PL/1English-Russian electronics dictionary > programming language one
-
2 programming language one
• PL/1-tietokonekieli -
3 language
язык || языковой- action description language
- actual machine language
- agent programming language
- AI language
- Algol-like language
- algorithmical language
- algorithmic language
- application-oriented language
- applicative language
- artificial language
- assembler language
- assembly language
- assembly-output language
- assignment-free language
- behavioral language
- bidirectional language
- block-structured language
- Boolean-based language
- business definition language
- business-oriented language
- calculus-type language
- C-based language
- client-side language
- code language
- command language
- compiled language
- compiler language
- component definition language
- composite language
- computer language
- computer-dependent language
- computer-independent language
- computer-oriented language
- computer-programming language
- computer-sensitive language
- consensus language
- context-free language
- control language
- conversational language
- core language
- data definition language
- data description language
- data language
- data manipulation language
- data storage description language
- database language
- data-entry language
- data-flow language
- data-query language
- declarative language
- defining language
- descriptive language
- descriptor language
- design language
- device media control language
- direct execution language
- directly interpretable language
- Dyck language
- end-user language
- escape language
- evolutive language
- executive-control language
- executive language
- explicit language
- extensible language
- fabricated language
- finite state language
- flow language
- foreign language
- formalized language
- frame-based language
- freestanding language
- functional language
- generated language
- graphics language
- graph-oriented language
- hardware-description language
- hardware language
- higher-level language
- higher-order language
- host language
- human language
- human-oriented language
- human-readable language
- indexed language
- information retrieval language
- informational language
- information language
- inherently ambiguous language
- input language
- input/output language
- instruction language
- integrated language
- interactive language
- interim language
- intermediate language
- internal language
- interpreted language
- job control language
- job-oriented language
- knowledge representation language
- language pair
- letter-equivalent languages
- linear language
- linear-programming language
- list-processing language
- logic-type language
- low-level language
- machine language
- machine-dependent language
- machine-independent language
- machine-oriented language
- macroassembly language
- macro language
- macroinstruction language
- macroprogramming language
- man-to-computer language
- mathematical formular language
- memory management language
- mnemonic language
- modeling language
- native language
- natural language
- NC programming language
- nested language
- network-oriented language
- nonprocedural language
- numder language
- object language
- object modeling language
- object-oriented language
- one-dimensional language
- operator-oriented language
- original language
- page description language
- parallel language
- phrase structure language
- predicate language
- predicate logic-based language
- predicate logic language
- privacy language
- problem statement language
- problem-oriented language
- procedural language
- procedure-oriented language
- process control language
- production language
- program language
- programming language
- pseudo language
- pseudomachine language
- query language
- readable specification language
- reference language
- regular language
- relational language
- relational-type language
- representation language - requirements modeling language
- restricted language
- rule-based language
- ruly language
- schema language
- science-oriented language
- script language
- self-contained language
- semantic-formal language
- semiformal language
- sentential language
- serial language
- simulation language
- single-assignment language
- source language
- specialized language
- specification language
- stream-based language
- strict language
- structured programming language
- structured query language
- super language
- super-high-level language
- symbolic language
- symbolic programming language
- syntax language
- synthetic language
- system input language
- system language
- system-oriented language
- tabular language
- target language
- TC language
- time sharing language
- type-free language
- unified modeling language
- update language
- user language
- user-oriented language
- very-high-level languageEnglish-Russian dictionary of computer science and programming > language
-
4 Language
Philosophy is written in that great book, the universe, which is always open, right before our eyes. But one cannot understand this book without first learning to understand the language and to know the characters in which it is written. It is written in the language of mathematics, and the characters are triangles, circles, and other figures. Without these, one cannot understand a single word of it, and just wanders in a dark labyrinth. (Galileo, 1990, p. 232)It never happens that it [a nonhuman animal] arranges its speech in various ways in order to reply appropriately to everything that may be said in its presence, as even the lowest type of man can do. (Descartes, 1970a, p. 116)It is a very remarkable fact that there are none so depraved and stupid, without even excepting idiots, that they cannot arrange different words together, forming of them a statement by which they make known their thoughts; while, on the other hand, there is no other animal, however perfect and fortunately circumstanced it may be, which can do the same. (Descartes, 1967, p. 116)Human beings do not live in the object world alone, nor alone in the world of social activity as ordinarily understood, but are very much at the mercy of the particular language which has become the medium of expression for their society. It is quite an illusion to imagine that one adjusts to reality essentially without the use of language and that language is merely an incidental means of solving specific problems of communication or reflection. The fact of the matter is that the "real world" is to a large extent unconsciously built on the language habits of the group.... We see and hear and otherwise experience very largely as we do because the language habits of our community predispose certain choices of interpretation. (Sapir, 1921, p. 75)It powerfully conditions all our thinking about social problems and processes.... No two languages are ever sufficiently similar to be considered as representing the same social reality. The worlds in which different societies live are distinct worlds, not merely the same worlds with different labels attached. (Sapir, 1985, p. 162)[A list of language games, not meant to be exhaustive:]Giving orders, and obeying them- Describing the appearance of an object, or giving its measurements- Constructing an object from a description (a drawing)Reporting an eventSpeculating about an eventForming and testing a hypothesisPresenting the results of an experiment in tables and diagramsMaking up a story; and reading itPlay actingSinging catchesGuessing riddlesMaking a joke; and telling itSolving a problem in practical arithmeticTranslating from one language into anotherLANGUAGE Asking, thanking, cursing, greeting, and praying-. (Wittgenstein, 1953, Pt. I, No. 23, pp. 11 e-12 e)We dissect nature along lines laid down by our native languages.... The world is presented in a kaleidoscopic flux of impressions which has to be organized by our minds-and this means largely by the linguistic systems in our minds.... No individual is free to describe nature with absolute impartiality but is constrained to certain modes of interpretation even while he thinks himself most free. (Whorf, 1956, pp. 153, 213-214)We dissect nature along the lines laid down by our native languages.The categories and types that we isolate from the world of phenomena we do not find there because they stare every observer in the face; on the contrary, the world is presented in a kaleidoscopic flux of impressions which has to be organized by our minds-and this means largely by the linguistic systems in our minds.... We are thus introduced to a new principle of relativity, which holds that all observers are not led by the same physical evidence to the same picture of the universe, unless their linguistic backgrounds are similar or can in some way be calibrated. (Whorf, 1956, pp. 213-214)9) The Forms of a Person's Thoughts Are Controlled by Unperceived Patterns of His Own LanguageThe forms of a person's thoughts are controlled by inexorable laws of pattern of which he is unconscious. These patterns are the unperceived intricate systematizations of his own language-shown readily enough by a candid comparison and contrast with other languages, especially those of a different linguistic family. (Whorf, 1956, p. 252)It has come to be commonly held that many utterances which look like statements are either not intended at all, or only intended in part, to record or impart straightforward information about the facts.... Many traditional philosophical perplexities have arisen through a mistake-the mistake of taking as straightforward statements of fact utterances which are either (in interesting non-grammatical ways) nonsensical or else intended as something quite different. (Austin, 1962, pp. 2-3)In general, one might define a complex of semantic components connected by logical constants as a concept. The dictionary of a language is then a system of concepts in which a phonological form and certain syntactic and morphological characteristics are assigned to each concept. This system of concepts is structured by several types of relations. It is supplemented, furthermore, by redundancy or implicational rules..., representing general properties of the whole system of concepts.... At least a relevant part of these general rules is not bound to particular languages, but represents presumably universal structures of natural languages. They are not learned, but are rather a part of the human ability to acquire an arbitrary natural language. (Bierwisch, 1970, pp. 171-172)In studying the evolution of mind, we cannot guess to what extent there are physically possible alternatives to, say, transformational generative grammar, for an organism meeting certain other physical conditions characteristic of humans. Conceivably, there are none-or very few-in which case talk about evolution of the language capacity is beside the point. (Chomsky, 1972, p. 98)[It is] truth value rather than syntactic well-formedness that chiefly governs explicit verbal reinforcement by parents-which renders mildly paradoxical the fact that the usual product of such a training schedule is an adult whose speech is highly grammatical but not notably truthful. (R. O. Brown, 1973, p. 330)he conceptual base is responsible for formally representing the concepts underlying an utterance.... A given word in a language may or may not have one or more concepts underlying it.... On the sentential level, the utterances of a given language are encoded within a syntactic structure of that language. The basic construction of the sentential level is the sentence.The next highest level... is the conceptual level. We call the basic construction of this level the conceptualization. A conceptualization consists of concepts and certain relations among those concepts. We can consider that both levels exist at the same point in time and that for any unit on one level, some corresponding realizate exists on the other level. This realizate may be null or extremely complex.... Conceptualizations may relate to other conceptualizations by nesting or other specified relationships. (Schank, 1973, pp. 191-192)The mathematics of multi-dimensional interactive spaces and lattices, the projection of "computer behavior" on to possible models of cerebral functions, the theoretical and mechanical investigation of artificial intelligence, are producing a stream of sophisticated, often suggestive ideas.But it is, I believe, fair to say that nothing put forward until now in either theoretic design or mechanical mimicry comes even remotely in reach of the most rudimentary linguistic realities. (Steiner, 1975, p. 284)The step from the simple tool to the master tool, a tool to make tools (what we would now call a machine tool), seems to me indeed to parallel the final step to human language, which I call reconstitution. It expresses in a practical and social context the same understanding of hierarchy, and shows the same analysis by function as a basis for synthesis. (Bronowski, 1977, pp. 127-128)t is the language donn eґ in which we conduct our lives.... We have no other. And the danger is that formal linguistic models, in their loosely argued analogy with the axiomatic structure of the mathematical sciences, may block perception.... It is quite conceivable that, in language, continuous induction from simple, elemental units to more complex, realistic forms is not justified. The extent and formal "undecidability" of context-and every linguistic particle above the level of the phoneme is context-bound-may make it impossible, except in the most abstract, meta-linguistic sense, to pass from "pro-verbs," "kernals," or "deep deep structures" to actual speech. (Steiner, 1975, pp. 111-113)A higher-level formal language is an abstract machine. (Weizenbaum, 1976, p. 113)Jakobson sees metaphor and metonymy as the characteristic modes of binarily opposed polarities which between them underpin the two-fold process of selection and combination by which linguistic signs are formed.... Thus messages are constructed, as Saussure said, by a combination of a "horizontal" movement, which combines words together, and a "vertical" movement, which selects the particular words from the available inventory or "inner storehouse" of the language. The combinative (or syntagmatic) process manifests itself in contiguity (one word being placed next to another) and its mode is metonymic. The selective (or associative) process manifests itself in similarity (one word or concept being "like" another) and its mode is metaphoric. The "opposition" of metaphor and metonymy therefore may be said to represent in effect the essence of the total opposition between the synchronic mode of language (its immediate, coexistent, "vertical" relationships) and its diachronic mode (its sequential, successive, lineal progressive relationships). (Hawkes, 1977, pp. 77-78)It is striking that the layered structure that man has given to language constantly reappears in his analyses of nature. (Bronowski, 1977, p. 121)First, [an ideal intertheoretic reduction] provides us with a set of rules"correspondence rules" or "bridge laws," as the standard vernacular has it-which effect a mapping of the terms of the old theory (T o) onto a subset of the expressions of the new or reducing theory (T n). These rules guide the application of those selected expressions of T n in the following way: we are free to make singular applications of their correspondencerule doppelgangers in T o....Second, and equally important, a successful reduction ideally has the outcome that, under the term mapping effected by the correspondence rules, the central principles of T o (those of semantic and systematic importance) are mapped onto general sentences of T n that are theorems of Tn. (P. Churchland, 1979, p. 81)If non-linguistic factors must be included in grammar: beliefs, attitudes, etc. [this would] amount to a rejection of the initial idealization of language as an object of study. A priori such a move cannot be ruled out, but it must be empirically motivated. If it proves to be correct, I would conclude that language is a chaos that is not worth studying.... Note that the question is not whether beliefs or attitudes, and so on, play a role in linguistic behavior and linguistic judgments... [but rather] whether distinct cognitive structures can be identified, which interact in the real use of language and linguistic judgments, the grammatical system being one of these. (Chomsky, 1979, pp. 140, 152-153)23) Language Is Inevitably Influenced by Specific Contexts of Human InteractionLanguage cannot be studied in isolation from the investigation of "rationality." It cannot afford to neglect our everyday assumptions concerning the total behavior of a reasonable person.... An integrational linguistics must recognize that human beings inhabit a communicational space which is not neatly compartmentalized into language and nonlanguage.... It renounces in advance the possibility of setting up systems of forms and meanings which will "account for" a central core of linguistic behavior irrespective of the situation and communicational purposes involved. (Harris, 1981, p. 165)By innate [linguistic knowledge], Chomsky simply means "genetically programmed." He does not literally think that children are born with language in their heads ready to be spoken. He merely claims that a "blueprint is there, which is brought into use when the child reaches a certain point in her general development. With the help of this blueprint, she analyzes the language she hears around her more readily than she would if she were totally unprepared for the strange gabbling sounds which emerge from human mouths. (Aitchison, 1987, p. 31)Looking at ourselves from the computer viewpoint, we cannot avoid seeing that natural language is our most important "programming language." This means that a vast portion of our knowledge and activity is, for us, best communicated and understood in our natural language.... One could say that natural language was our first great original artifact and, since, as we increasingly realize, languages are machines, so natural language, with our brains to run it, was our primal invention of the universal computer. One could say this except for the sneaking suspicion that language isn't something we invented but something we became, not something we constructed but something in which we created, and recreated, ourselves. (Leiber, 1991, p. 8)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Language
-
5 language
noun1) Sprache, die[style of] language — [Sprach]stil, der
use of language — Sprachgebrauch, der
3) (style) Ausdrucksweise, die; Sprache, die; see also academic.ru/5024/bad">bad 1. 4); strong language4) (professional vocabulary) [Fach]sprache, die5) (Computing) Sprache, die* * *['læŋɡwi‹]1) (human speech: the development of language in children.) die Sprache2) (the speech of a particular nation: She is very good at (learning) languages; Russian is a difficult language.) die Sprache3) (the words and way of speaking, writing etc usually connected with a particular group of people etc: the language of journalists; medical language.) die Fachsprache•* * *lan·guage[ˈlæŋgwɪʤ]nshe speaks four \languages fluently sie spricht vier Sprachen fließendartificial \language Kunstsprache fthe English/German \language die englische/deutsche Sprache, Englisch/Deutsch nta foreign \language eine Fremdsprachesb's native \language jds Mutterspracheher \language was absolutely appalling! ihre Sprache war wirklich schockierend!\language, Robert! wie sprichst du denn, Robert!bad \language Schimpfwörter plformal/spoken/written \language gehobene/gesprochene/geschriebene Spracheto mind one's \language aufpassen, was man sagtlegal \language Rechtssprache f4. COMPUT[computer programming] \language Programmiersprache f5.* * *['lŋgwɪdZ]nSprache fthe English language — Englisch nt, die englische Sprache
the language of business/diplomacy —
your language is appalling — deine Ausdrucksweise ist entsetzlich, du drückst dich entsetzlich aus
that's no language to use to your mother! — so spricht man nicht mit seiner Mutter!
it's a bloody nuisance! – language! — verfluchter Mist! – na, so was sagt man doch nicht!
strong language — Schimpfwörter pl, derbe Ausdrücke pl
he used strong language, calling them fascist pigs — er beschimpfte sie als Faschistenschweine
the request/complaint was put in rather strong language — die Aufforderung/Beschwerde hörte sich ziemlich krass an
to talk the same language ( as sb) — die gleiche Sprache (wie jd) sprechen
* * *language [ˈlæŋɡwıdʒ] s1. Sprache f:language of flowers fig Blumensprache;speak the same language dieselbe Sprache sprechen (a. fig);2. Sprache f, Rede-, Ausdrucksweise f, Worte pl:language! so etwas sagt man nicht!;this is the only language he understands das ist die einzige Sprache, die er versteht; → bad1 A 5, strong A 73. Sprache f, Stil m4. (Fach)Sprache f, Terminologie f:medical language medizinische Fachsprache, Medizinersprache5. a) Sprachwissenschaft fb) Sprachunterricht m* * *noun1) Sprache, diespeak the same language — (fig.) die gleiche Sprache sprechen
[style of] language — [Sprach]stil, der
use of language — Sprachgebrauch, der
4) (professional vocabulary) [Fach]sprache, die5) (Computing) Sprache, die* * *n.Sprache -n f. -
6 language
lan·guage [ʼlæŋgwɪʤ] nshe speaks four \languages fluently sie spricht vier Sprachen fließend;artificial \language Kunstsprache f;a foreign \language eine Fremdsprache;sb's native \language jds Mutterspracheher \language was absolutely appalling! ihre Sprache war wirklich schockierend!;\language, Robert! wie sprichst du denn, Robert!;bad \language Schimpfwörter ntpl;to mind one's \language aufpassen, was man sagtlegal \language Rechtssprache f;4) comput[computer programming] \language Programmiersprache fPHRASES: -
7 functional language
= functional programming language; = FPLязык функционального программирования, ЯФПЯВУ, основанный на понятии функции. Процесс разработки программы рассматривается как конструирование её из "чёрных ящиков", каждый из которых получает некоторые исходные данные на входе и выдаёт соответствующий результат на выходе. Таким образом, функциональные языки программирования - это языки, в которых единственным действием является вызов функции. Функции обмениваются между собой данными непосредственно, без использования промежуточных переменных и присваиваний, поэтому в таких языках циклы заменяются рекурсивным вызовом (recursive call) функции. Из набора простых функций программист создаёт для решения задачи всё более и более сложные.A functional programming language gives a simple model of programming: one value, the result, is computed on the basis of others, the inputs. — ЯФП представляет простую модель программирования: одно значение, результат, вычисляется на основе других, входных значений. Типичные представители языков этого класса - Lisp, ML и Haskell (см. applicative language, functional programmer, functional programming)
Англо-русский толковый словарь терминов и сокращений по ВТ, Интернету и программированию. > functional language
-
8 PL/1
(Programming Language One) язык [программирования] ПЛ/1разработан в 1967 г. корпорацией IBM для машин семейства System/360. В момент своего появления PL/1 претендовал на роль единого языка программирования, так как объединял в себе блочную структуру Алгола-60, вычислительные возможности Фортрана и работу со структурами данных, достигнутую в Коболе. Но язык оказался громоздким и аморфным и не получил широкого признания за пределами мэйнфреймовАнгло-русский толковый словарь терминов и сокращений по ВТ, Интернету и программированию. > PL/1
-
9 PL/1
= programming language oneязык программирования высокого уровня PL/1 -
10 PLI
1) Компьютерная техника: Programming Language Interface2) Спорт: Paintball Light Infantry4) Религия: Pastoral Leadership Institute5) Юридический термин: Practising Law Institute6) Сокращение: Pali, Position Location Information (e.g., GPS data)7) Университет: Practicing Law Institute, Pro-language Institute8) Вычислительная техника: Programming Language One (DEC)9) Нефть: production life index10) Фирменный знак: Pacific Legal Investigations, Peripheral Land, Inc.11) Бурение: индекс добычи (production life index; отношение извлекаемых запасов к годовому объёму добычи)12) Образование: Parent Leadership Institute13) Полимеры: power loss index14) Медицинская техника: preload index15) Аэропорты: Palm Island, Windward Islands16) НАСА: Position Location Information -
11 pli
1) Компьютерная техника: Programming Language Interface2) Спорт: Paintball Light Infantry4) Религия: Pastoral Leadership Institute5) Юридический термин: Practising Law Institute6) Сокращение: Pali, Position Location Information (e.g., GPS data)7) Университет: Practicing Law Institute, Pro-language Institute8) Вычислительная техника: Programming Language One (DEC)9) Нефть: production life index10) Фирменный знак: Pacific Legal Investigations, Peripheral Land, Inc.11) Бурение: индекс добычи (production life index; отношение извлекаемых запасов к годовому объёму добычи)12) Образование: Parent Leadership Institute13) Полимеры: power loss index14) Медицинская техника: preload index15) Аэропорты: Palm Island, Windward Islands16) НАСА: Position Location Information -
12 PL/I
1) Компьютерная техника: Programming Language 12) Вычислительная техника: Programming Language One (DEC) -
13 PL/1
Расширение файла: Programming Language One -
14 PL
In. 컴퓨터IIx. Programming Language One -
15 PL/1
сокр. от programming language oneязык программирования высокого уровня PL/1The New English-Russian Dictionary of Radio-electronics > PL/1
-
16 язык
I муж.
1) tongue прям. и перен. языки пламени ≈ tongues of flame обложенный язык ≈ coated/ furred tongue воспаление языка ≈ glossitis показать язык ≈ (врачу и т.п.) to show one's tongue (to a doctor, etc.) ;
(дразнить) to stick one's tongue out, to put out one's tongue (at smb.)
2) tongue (кушанье) копченый язык ≈ smoked tongue
3) clapper, tongue of a bell ( колокола) ∙ просится на язык ≈ it is on the tip of one's tongue попадать на язык кому-л. ≈ to fall victim to smb.'s tongue язык сломаешь ≈ it's a real jawbreaker не сходит с языка, быть у кого-л. на языке ≈ to be always on smb.'s lips у него отнялся язык ≈ his tongue failed him язык до Киева доведет ≈ you can get anywhere if you know how to use your tongue;
a clever tongue will take you anywhere у него хорошо язык подвешен ≈ he has a ready/glib tongue разг. у него язык плохо подвешен ≈ he is not good with words держать язык за зубами ≈ to hold one's tongue, to keep one's mouth shut тянуть/дергать кого-л. за язык ≈ to make smb. say smth.;
to make smb. talk у него язык не повернется сказать это ≈ he won't have the heart to say it язык у меня не повернулся это сказать ≈ I could not bring myself to say it разг. у него язык чешется сказать это ≈ he is itching to say it разг. это слово вертится у меня на языке ≈ the word is on the tip of my tongue разг. у него, что на уме, то и на языке ≈ he wears his heart on his sleeve, he cannot keep his thoughts to himself разг. у него длинный язык ≈ he has a long/loose tongue разг. у него язык без костей ≈ he is too fond of talking у него бойкий язык, он боек на язык ≈ to have a quick/ready tongue, to be quick-tongued он слаб на язык ≈ he has a loose tongue острый язык злой язык злые языки высунув язык придержать язык развязать язык чесать язык чесать языком точить язык трепать языком прикусить язык распустить язык сорвалось с языка лишиться языка язык проглотишь болтать языком II муж.
1) language, tongue (речь) владеть каким-л. языком ≈ to know a language владеть каким-л. языком в совершенстве ≈ to have a perfect command of a language говорить русским языком ≈ to say in plain Russian, in plain language языки общего происхождения ≈ cognate мн.;
линг. агглютинативный язык ≈ agglutinative language русский язык ≈ the Russian language на русском языке ≈ in Russian национальный язык ≈ national language родовые языки ≈ clan languages племенные языки ≈ tribal languages общий язык ≈ common language родной язык ≈ mother tongue;
native language живой язык ≈ living language мертвый язык ≈ dead language обиходный язык ≈ everyday language разговорный язык ≈ colloquial/familiar speech;
spoken language литературный язык ≈ literary language иностранный язык ≈ foreign language новые языки ≈ modern languages говорить языком ≈ to use the language (of) суконный язык ≈ dull/vapid/insipid language англосаксонский язык ≈ Anglo-Saxon сингалезский язык ≈ Cingalese корнуоллский язык ≈ Cornish корнийский язык ≈ Cornish голландский язык ≈ Dutch албанский язык ≈ Albanian арамейский язык ≈ Aramaic армянский язык ≈ Armenian ассирийский язык ≈ Assyrian азербайджанский язык ≈ Azerbaijani баскский язык ≈ basque болгарский язык ≈ Bulgarian бирманский язык ≈ Burmese белорусский язык ≈ Byelorussian каталанский язык ≈ Catalan китайский язык ≈ Chinese коптский язык ≈ Coptic немецкий язык ≈ Dutch ист., German галльский язык ≈ Gaulish грузинский язык ≈ Georgian верхненемецкий язык ≈ High German, High Dutch нижненемецкий язык ≈ Low German, Low Dutch общегерманский язык ≈ Germanic готский язык ≈ Gothic греческий язык ≈ Greek, Hellenic венгерский язык ≈ Hungarian, Magyar исландский язык ≈ Icelandic персидский язык ≈ Iranian, Persian ирландский язык ≈ Irish японский язык ≈ Japanese калмыцкий язык ≈ Kalmuck каракалпакский язык ≈ Kara-Kalpak казахский язык ≈ Kazakh киргизский язык ≈ Kirghiz корейский язык ≈ Korean латинский язык ≈ Latin, Roman редк. литовский язык ≈ Lithuanian малагасийский язык ≈ Malagasy малайский язык ≈ Malay молдавский язык ≈ Moldavian монгольский язык ≈ Mongol древнескандинавский язык ≈ Old Norse польский язык ≈ Polish португальский язык ≈ Portuguese провансальский язык ≈ Provencal афганский язык ≈ Pushtoo, Pushtu, Afghan румынский язык ≈ Roumanian древнесаксонский язык ≈ Saxon сербский язык ≈ Serbian сербо-хорватский язык ≈ Serbo-Croat сингальский язык ≈ Sinhalese, Cingalese испанский язык ≈ Spanish валлонский язык ≈ Walloon валлийский язык ≈ welsh еврейский язык ≈ Yiddish зулусский язык ≈ Zulu письменный язык ≈ written language официальный язык ≈ official language второй язык ≈ second language древний язык ≈ ancient language искусственный язык ≈ artificial language креолизованный язык ≈ creolized language естественный язык ≈ natural language изолирующий язык ≈ isolating language детский язык ≈ children's language богатый язык ≈ rich language классические языки ≈ classic мн., humanity язык поэзии ≈ poetic diction язык хинди ≈ Hindi язык хиндустани ≈ Hindustani родственные языки ≈ kindred languages язык программирования ≈ computer language, machine language, programming language язык саами ≈ Lapp, Lappish язык жестов ≈ pantomime язык пушту ≈ Pushtoo, Pushtu язык скифов ≈ Scythian язык урду ≈ Urdu халдейский язык ≈ Chaldean финикийский язык ≈ Phoenician урало-алтайские языки ≈ Turanian флективный язык ≈ inflecting language
2) воен.;
разг. (пленный) prisoner for interrogation;
identification prisoner;
prisoner who will talk () добыть языка III муж.;
уст. people, nation (народ)м.
1. tongue;
показать ~ кому-л.
1) (врачу) show* smb. one`s tongue;
2) (дразня) put* out one`s tongue at smb. ;
злой ~ wicked/bitter tongue;
2. (кушанье) tongue;
3. (речь) language;
родной ~ mother-tongue, one`s language;
разговорный ~ colloquial speech;
новые ~и modern languages;
древние ~и ancient languages;
4. (стиль) style, language;
книга написана хорошим ~ом the book is well written;
5. (пленный) information prisoner;
~ к гортани прилип у кого-л. smb`s tongue stuck/cleaved to the roof of his, her mouth;
~ хорошо подвешен у кого-л. smb. has a ready tongue;
~ чешется у кого-л. smb. is itching to speak;
держать ~ за зубами keep* a still tongue in one`s head;
придержать ~ hold* one`s tongue;
сорвалось (слово) с ~а one never meant to say it;
я вам русским ~ом говорю let me spell it out (for you). -
17 program
1.['prəʊgræm]noun1) (Amer.) see academic.ru/58260/programme">programme 1.2) (Computing, Electronics) Programm, das2. transitive verb,program file — Programmdatei, die
- mm-1) (Amer.) see programme 2.2) (Computing, Electronics) programmierenprogramming language — Programmiersprache, die
* * *verb - present participle programming ( American also programing): past tense, past participle programmed ( American also programed) - (to give information, instructions etc to (a machine, especially a computer, so that it can do a particular job).) programmieren* * *pro·gram[ˈprəʊgræm, AM ˈproʊ-]I. nto write a \program ein Programm schreiben3.II. vt<- mm->1. COMPUT▪ to \program sth etw programmierenpro·gramme[ˈprəʊgræm]AM pro·gram[AM ˈproʊ-]I. nwhat's on the \program for today? was steht heute auf dem Programm?fitness/modernization \program Fitness-/Modernisierungsprogramm ntII. vt<- mm->1. (instruct)▪ to \program sth etw programmierento \program a VCR einen Videorecorder programmieren [o einstellen▪ to \program sb to do sth jdn darauf programmieren, etw zu tunI'm \programd to wake up at seven ich wache automatisch um sieben Uhr auf* * *(US) ['prəʊgrm]1. nProgrammnt; (RAD, TV ALSO) Sendungfwe've got a very heavy programme of meetings — wir haben sehr viele Besprechungen auf unserem Programm
what's the programme for tomorrow? —
what's on the other programme? — was gibt es or läuft im anderen Programm?
our programmes for this evening — das Programm des heutigen Abends
2. vtprogrammierenprogrammed course —
* * *A s1. (Studien-, Partei- etc) Programm n:what’s the program for today? umg was steht heute auf dem Programm?2. THEAT etc Programm n:a) Spielplan mb) Programmheft nc) Darbietung f:program music Programmmusik f;program picture Beifilm m;program seller Programmverkäufer(in)3. RADIO, TV Programm n:a) Sendefolge fb) Sendung f:to be on the program im Programm sein, auf dem Programm stehen;program director Programmdirektor(in);program policy Programmpolitik f;program slot Programmplatz m4. Lehrplan mB v/t prät und pperf -grammed, US auch -gramed1. ein Programm aufstellen oder zusammenstellen für2. auf das Programm setzen, ansetzen3. planen, vorbereitenA s Programm n:program-controlled programmgesteuert;program exit Ausgang m;program library Programmbibliothek f;program sequence Programmfolge f;program step Programmschritt mB v/t prät und pperf -grammed, US auch -gramed programmieren (auch fig):to program sth to do sth etwas so programmieren, dass es etwas tut;programmed instruction SCHULE programmierter Unterrichtprog. abk1. program (programme) Progr.2. progress3. progressive* * *1.['prəʊgræm]noun1) (Amer.) see programme 1.2) (Computing, Electronics) Programm, das2. transitive verb,program file — Programmdatei, die
- mm-1) (Amer.) see programme 2.2) (Computing, Electronics) programmierenprogramming language — Programmiersprache, die
* * *(US) (radio - TV) n.Sendung -en f. (US) n.Programm -e n. v.programmieren v. -
18 Epistemology
1) Beyond Psychophysiology and Sociology and History of Science There Is Nothing for Epistemology to DoIf we have psychophysiology to cover causal mechanisms, and the sociology and history of science to note the occasions on which observation sentences are invoked or dodged in constructing and dismantling theories, then epistemology has nothing to do. (Rorty, 1979, p. 225)But I think that at this point it may be more useful to say rather that epistemology still goes on, though in a new setting and a clarified status. Epistemology, or something like it, simply falls into place as a chapter of psychology and hence of natural science. It studies a natural phenomenon, viz, a physical human subject. This human subject is accorded a certain experimentally controlled input-certain patterns of irradiation in assorted frequencies, for instance-and in the fullness of time the subject delivers as output a description of the three-dimensional external world and its history. The relation between the meager input and the torrential output is a relation that we are prompted to study for somewhat the same reasons that always prompted epistemology; namely, in order to see how evidence relates to theory, and in what ways one's theory of nature transcends any available evidence. (Quine, quoted in Royce & Rozeboom, 1972, p. 18)3) The Assumption That Cognitive Psychology Has Epistemological Import Can Be ChallengedOnly the assumption, that one day the various taxonomies put together by, for example, Chomsky, Piaget, Leґvi-Strauss, Marx, and Freud will all flow together and spell out one great Universal Language of Nature... would suggest that cognitive psychology had epistemological import. But that suggestion would still be as misguided as the suggestion that, since we may predict everything by knowing enough about matter in motion, a completed neurophysiology will help us demonstrate Galileo's superiority to his contemporaries. The gap between explaining ourselves and justifying ourselves is just as great whether a programming language or a hardware language is used in the explanations. (Rorty, 1979, p. 249)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Epistemology
-
19 M
1) Общая лексика: ремонтопригодность (maintainability), тысяча (в системе римских цифр)2) Биология: heat, height, membrane, methionine, miscellaneous, mucoid, muscular3) Разговорное выражение: (-size) эмка (размер одежды)4) Американизм: Mediocre5) Военный термин: Mach, Mandatory, Maneuver, Maxim, Mechanized, Mission, magazine, maintainability, maintenance, map, mark, marker, marshal, mask, material, materiel, measure, mechanic, mechanism, memorandum, memory, message, messenger, meteorology, microfilm, microphone, mil, military, militia, mine, minesweeper, missing, mobile, mobilization, model, module, mortar, motor, mounted, movement, munition, mustard, военный воздушный транспорт, воинские воздушные перевозки, движущаяся цель, самолёт-ракетоносец, средняя квадратическая погрешность, Mega (Million), mobility6) Техника: bending moment, intensity of magnetic polarization, magnetic moment, magnetic quantum number, make, marker beacon, maxwell, megabyte, mesa, mesomeric effect, metering, micro, moderate, modulation, modulation factor, modulator, molar concentration, molecular magnetic rotary power, molecular rotary power, moraine, mother, mother spacecraft, mountain, multiplexer, nautical mile, order of spectrum, slope of equilibrium curve8) Химия: Molecular10) Религия: Matthew12) Бухгалтерия: Making13) Биржевой термин: Mutual14) Грубое выражение: Motherfucker15) Кино: Mature16) Оптика: magnification17) Сокращение: Malaysia, March, Marquess, Marquis, May, Miniatures, Monday, Monsieur, Moslem, magnetic, medical, medicine, member, meridian, metropolitan, minimum acceptable reliability, moment, motorway, muscle, мужчина, понедельник, Time zone 172. 5 E-180 E (GMT -12), Mega (million), mega - (million), Mike (phonetic alphabet), mach (speed of sound), Messier catalog, midnight, monoclonal, Maturity (кредитование)18) Университет: Engineering19) Физика: Magic21) Электроника: Magnetron23) Вычислительная техника: Mega - (metric 10^6)24) Нефть: & FP maximum and final pressure, a M-N crossplot parameter, magnetization, magnitude, marginal allowable, metacenter, mobility ratio, molal, mudstone, slope of interval transit time vs density, thousand, техническое обслуживание (maintainability)25) Генетика: метионин26) Биохимия: молей на литр ( моль/л)27) Космонавтика: Mira29) Фирменный знак: Microsoft30) СМИ: Multimedia32) Бурение: член общества (member), меридиан (meridian), модуль (module)33) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: US dollars million \<-\> млн. долл. США, magnitude (earthquake measured on Richter scale), mega (metric prefix meaning 1 x 1,000,000 [one million]), тысяч (в нефтегазовой отрасли), мониторинг (ПКК)34) Образование: Motivation35) Сетевые технологии: master36) Полимеры: mechanical, mega, modulus, mol, molality, molarity, molecular weight, monovalent37) Контроль качества: maintenance ratio, of E maintenance of equipment, Markov (ian)38) Расширение файла: Maple Common binary file, Matlab M-file Function and commands, Miranda programming language Script file, Macro module (Brief), Objective-C language source code file (gcc)39) Электрохимия: mole, г моль, грамм-молекула41) Электротехника: m42) США: Michigan43) Должность: Maiden, Man, Manservant, Mathematics, Music44) НАСА: Mars46) Международные перевозки: minimum (rate classification) -
20 m
1) Общая лексика: ремонтопригодность (maintainability), тысяча (в системе римских цифр)2) Биология: heat, height, membrane, methionine, miscellaneous, mucoid, muscular3) Разговорное выражение: (-size) эмка (размер одежды)4) Американизм: Mediocre5) Военный термин: Mach, Mandatory, Maneuver, Maxim, Mechanized, Mission, magazine, maintainability, maintenance, map, mark, marker, marshal, mask, material, materiel, measure, mechanic, mechanism, memorandum, memory, message, messenger, meteorology, microfilm, microphone, mil, military, militia, mine, minesweeper, missing, mobile, mobilization, model, module, mortar, motor, mounted, movement, munition, mustard, военный воздушный транспорт, воинские воздушные перевозки, движущаяся цель, самолёт-ракетоносец, средняя квадратическая погрешность, Mega (Million), mobility6) Техника: bending moment, intensity of magnetic polarization, magnetic moment, magnetic quantum number, make, marker beacon, maxwell, megabyte, mesa, mesomeric effect, metering, micro, moderate, modulation, modulation factor, modulator, molar concentration, molecular magnetic rotary power, molecular rotary power, moraine, mother, mother spacecraft, mountain, multiplexer, nautical mile, order of spectrum, slope of equilibrium curve8) Химия: Molecular10) Религия: Matthew12) Бухгалтерия: Making13) Биржевой термин: Mutual14) Грубое выражение: Motherfucker15) Кино: Mature16) Оптика: magnification17) Сокращение: Malaysia, March, Marquess, Marquis, May, Miniatures, Monday, Monsieur, Moslem, magnetic, medical, medicine, member, meridian, metropolitan, minimum acceptable reliability, moment, motorway, muscle, мужчина, понедельник, Time zone 172. 5 E-180 E (GMT -12), Mega (million), mega - (million), Mike (phonetic alphabet), mach (speed of sound), Messier catalog, midnight, monoclonal, Maturity (кредитование)18) Университет: Engineering19) Физика: Magic21) Электроника: Magnetron23) Вычислительная техника: Mega - (metric 10^6)24) Нефть: & FP maximum and final pressure, a M-N crossplot parameter, magnetization, magnitude, marginal allowable, metacenter, mobility ratio, molal, mudstone, slope of interval transit time vs density, thousand, техническое обслуживание (maintainability)25) Генетика: метионин26) Биохимия: молей на литр ( моль/л)27) Космонавтика: Mira29) Фирменный знак: Microsoft30) СМИ: Multimedia32) Бурение: член общества (member), меридиан (meridian), модуль (module)33) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: US dollars million \<-\> млн. долл. США, magnitude (earthquake measured on Richter scale), mega (metric prefix meaning 1 x 1,000,000 [one million]), тысяч (в нефтегазовой отрасли), мониторинг (ПКК)34) Образование: Motivation35) Сетевые технологии: master36) Полимеры: mechanical, mega, modulus, mol, molality, molarity, molecular weight, monovalent37) Контроль качества: maintenance ratio, of E maintenance of equipment, Markov (ian)38) Расширение файла: Maple Common binary file, Matlab M-file Function and commands, Miranda programming language Script file, Macro module (Brief), Objective-C language source code file (gcc)39) Электрохимия: mole, г моль, грамм-молекула41) Электротехника: m42) США: Michigan43) Должность: Maiden, Man, Manservant, Mathematics, Music44) НАСА: Mars46) Международные перевозки: minimum (rate classification)
Страницы
- 1
- 2
См. также в других словарях:
Programming Language One — Programming Language One, oft als PL/I (auch PL/1, PL1 oder PLI) abgekürzt ist eine Programmiersprache, die in den 1960er Jahren von IBM entwickelt wurde. Die Bezeichnung PL/1 ist vor allem in Deutschland gebräuchlich. Ursprünglich wurde PL/I… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Programming language — lists Alphabetical Categorical Chronological Generational A programming language is an artificial language designed to communicate instructions to a machine, particularly a computer. Programming languages can be used to create programs that… … Wikipedia
Programming language theory — (commonly known as PLT) is a branch of computer science that deals with the design, implementation, analysis, characterization, and classification of programming languages and programming language features. It is a multi disciplinary field, both… … Wikipedia
Programming Language Design and Implementation — (PLDI) is one of the ACM SIGPLAN s most important conferences. The precursor of PLDI was the Symposium on Compiler Optimization, held July 27–28, 1970 at the University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign and chaired by Robert S. Northcote. That… … Wikipedia
programming language — Language Lan guage, n. [OE. langage, F. langage, fr. L. lingua the tongue, hence speech, language; akin to E. tongue. See {Tongue}, cf. {Lingual}.] [1913 Webster] 1. Any means of conveying or communicating ideas; specifically, human speech; the… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Programming language specification — A programming language specification is an artifact that defines a programming language so that users and implementors can agree on what programs in that language mean.A programming language specification can take several forms, including the… … Wikipedia
programming language — noun (computer science) a language designed for programming computers • Syn: ↑programing language • Topics: ↑computer science, ↑computing • Hypernyms: ↑artificial language … Useful english dictionary
Programming language implementation — A programming language implementation is a system for executing programs written in a programming language.There are two general approaches to programming language implementation: *Interpretation: An interpreter takes as input a program in some… … Wikipedia
Programming language reference — A programming language reference (or language reference manual) is an artifact that describes a programming language so that users and developers can understand the basic elements of and write computer programs in the target language.A… … Wikipedia
Concatenative programming language — Programming paradigms Agent oriented Automata based Component based Flow based Pipelined Concatenative Concurr … Wikipedia
Object Oriented Programming language — programming language in which information and the procedures which handle the information are structured as one object … English contemporary dictionary
